National Supervisory Authority & Licensing Qualification Dossier • Middle East & GCC
MASAK
TürkiyeFinancial Crimes Investigation Board (Türkiye)
Source / Native Reference: 土耳其金融犯罪调查委员会
- Supervisory tier
- Tier-2
- License classes
- 2
- Licensed records
- 2
- Active / regulated
- 1
Statutory Supervisory Mandate & Scope
Financial Crimes Investigation Board (Türkiye) (MASAK) oversees anti-money laundering registration, Virtual Asset Service Provider (VASP) compliance, Money Services Business (MSB) supervision, and financial crime intelligence in Türkiye.
Prudential Tier Assessment
Tier-2Tier-2 national Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) and AML/CFT / Virtual Asset Service Provider (VASP) supervisor in Türkiye.
National licensing qualifications & statutory authorisation classes (MASAK)
Authorisation categories, permitted institutional and retail activities, minimum initial capital adequacy, and ongoing prudential solvency rules enforced by MASAK in Türkiye.
| License class / code | Official designation | Permitted institutional & retail activities | Minimum initial / base capital | Ongoing prudential & solvency rule |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VASP / DCE Registration | Virtual Asset Service Provider & Custodial Wallet Registration | Fiat-to-crypto exchange, crypto-to-crypto exchange, virtual asset transfer, and custodial wallet administration. | USD $50,000 – $150,000 equivalent share capital (or statutory fit-and-proper + local MLRO presence). | Continuous KYC/CDD onboarding, blockchain analytics transaction monitoring, and annual independent AML audit. |
| MSB / Currency Exchange Registration | Money Services Business & Remittance Registration | Money transmission, foreign currency dealing, and payment instrument issuance. | Subject to state/national surety bond and minimum net worth requirements. | Currency Transaction Reports (CTRs) and Suspicious Activity Reports (SARs/STRs) via goAML / BSA E-Filing. |
Investor compensation, client money segregation & digital-asset regime
Statutory counterparty protections, custody reconciliation mandates, and virtual-asset licensing status under MASAK.
AML/CFT Registration Only (Non-Prudential / No Investor Compensation Scheme)
- Maximum coverage per client
- Not covered by statutory investor compensation (FIU/MSB registration supervises AML/CFT compliance rather than prudential solvency)
- Eligible counterparties & scope
- Counterparties must verify whether the entity also holds a separate prudential securities or banking licence.
MASAK VASP Custodial Wallet & Client Ledger Separation Rules
- Reconciliation & audit cadence
- On-chain and off-chain omnibus ledger reconciliation; separation of customer virtual assets from corporate treasury.
- Approved custodian requirements
- Multi-signature / MPC hardware security module (HSM) custody and segregated fiat settlement accounts.
MASAK Statutory VASP / Digital Currency Exchange Registration
- Travel Rule, custody & stablecoin rules
- Mandatory originator and beneficiary Travel Rule data transmission for virtual asset transfers.
Primary Governing Statutes & Rulebooks
- Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorist Financing Act of Türkiye
- FATF Recommendations 15 (Virtual Assets & VASPs) & 16 (Wire Transfer / Travel Rule)
- MASAK Mandatory VASP / MSB Registration & Beneficial Ownership Regulations
Regulatory Reporting & Audit Obligations
Prompt filing of Suspicious Transaction Reports (STRs) and Threshold Transaction Reports with MASAKAppointment of a resident Money Laundering Reporting Officer (MLRO) and annual independent AML/CFT compliance audit5-year retention of KYC identity records and Travel Rule cryptographic counterparty data
Cross-Border Equivalence & Passporting
Territorial registration required in Türkiye whenever soliciting or onboarding domestic residents.
Supervised institutions & MASAK licence records in our database
2 licence records referencing MASAK (1 regulated/registered, 1 flagged with warnings/revocations).
MASAK (Türkiye): institutional licensing & due diligence FAQ
Key statutory capital, compensation, custody segregation, and verification answers for compliance teams.
What are the primary licensing classes and minimum capital requirements under MASAK (Türkiye)?
MASAK (Financial Crimes Investigation Board (Türkiye)) supervises financial institutions in Türkiye under Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorist Financing Act of Türkiye and FATF Recommendations 15 (Virtual Assets & VASPs) & 16 (Wire Transfer / Travel Rule). Key statutory authorisation classes include: VASP / DCE Registration (Virtual Asset Service Provider & Custodial Wallet Registration — min. capital: USD $50,000 – $150,000 equivalent share capital (or statutory fit-and-proper + local MLRO presence).); MSB / Currency Exchange Registration (Money Services Business & Remittance Registration — min. capital: Subject to state/national surety bond and minimum net worth requirements.). Ongoing prudential supervision requires strict adherence to capital adequacy and liquidity buffers.
Does MASAK provide statutory investor compensation and mandatory client asset segregation?
Under MASAK's framework, investor protection is governed by AML/CFT Registration Only (Non-Prudential / No Investor Compensation Scheme) with maximum coverage of Not covered by statutory investor compensation (FIU/MSB registration supervises AML/CFT compliance rather than prudential solvency) (Counterparties must verify whether the entity also holds a separate prudential securities or banking licence.). For client money and custody assets, supervised firms must comply with MASAK VASP Custodial Wallet & Client Ledger Separation Rules, performing on-chain and off-chain omnibus ledger reconciliation; separation of customer virtual assets from corporate treasury. with multi-signature / mpc hardware security module (hsm) custody and segregated fiat settlement accounts..
How does MASAK regulate digital assets, crypto exchanges (VASPs/CASPs), and stablecoins?
MASAK's digital-asset regime is structured around MASAK Statutory VASP / Digital Currency Exchange Registration (Active mandatory AML/CFT and VASP registration with public register verification.). Custody and AML/CFT compliance obligations require: Mandatory originator and beneficiary Travel Rule data transmission for virtual asset transfers.
How can I verify an institution's MASAK licence number and check our 2 recorded licence entries?
Our database currently tracks 2 licence records referencing MASAK (1 marked regulated or registered). To verify a counterparty at the primary source, open MASAK's official public register (https://en.hmb.gov.tr/fcib-duties-powers), search by the exact reference number and legal entity name, and confirm that the firm's domain and permitted activities match its statutory authorisation.
Related regulatory & market structure briefings
Research and compliance analysis from Sovereign Tax Atlas relevant to MASAK and Türkiye.
Sovereign Tax & Treaty Architecture
OECD Pillar Two 15% Global Minimum Tax (QDMTT, IIR & UTPR), CARF Digital-Asset Reporting, and Cross-Border Financial Withholding Tax Architecture (2026)
An authoritative 2026 sovereign tax reference analyzing OECD/G20 GloBE 15% minimum effective tax rate (ETR) mechanics, QDMTT/IIR/UTPR charging priority for multinational banks and brokers, Investment Entity exclusions, IRC Section 871(m) dividend equivalents, and OECD CARF / EU DAC8 automatic exchange.
Cross-Border Tax Treaties
Luxembourg RAIF & SCSp vs Ireland ICAV vs Singapore VCC: Institutional Fund Domicile Tax Treaty Access & Dividend Withholding Matrix
Institutional fund domicile selection refers to structuring cross-border vehicles to cut U.S. and EU dividend withholding taxes from 30% to 0%–15% under bilateral tax treaties.
OECD Pillar Two & Global Minimum Tax
OECD Pillar Two 15% Global Minimum Tax: GloBE Rules, QDMTT, IIR & UTPR Institutional Reference (2026)
The OECD Pillar Two Global Anti-Base Erosion (GloBE) framework enforces a 15% minimum effective tax rate across 145+ jurisdictions on multinational enterprises with consolidated revenues of at least EUR 750 million (Source: OECD Inclusive Framework, 2026-09-18).
OECD Pillar Two & Global Minimum Tax
OECD Pillar Two 15% Global Minimum Tax (GloBE, QDMTT, IIR & UTPR): Statutory vs. Bilateral Treaty Withholding Tax Rate Matrix (2026) (15.0% Minimum Effective Tax Rate Benchmark)
OECD Pillar Two 15% Global Minimum Tax (GloBE, QDMTT, IIR & UTPR) (OECD-GLOBE-QDMTT) stands at 15.0% (Minimum Effective Tax Rate) (Source: OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework, 2026-10-20), governing dividend, interest, and roya
Statutory licensing classes, base capital rules, and investor protection summaries for MASAK (Türkiye) are maintained for institutional benchmarking and do not constitute legal advice. Always verify current rulebooks and active firm authorisations directly on MASAK’s official public register.